# llm

Nicolas Bustamante argues LLMs are ending Ben Thompson's Aggregation Theory. With chat as the universal interface, SaaS companies' moats built on 'workflow complexity + user muscle memory' evaporate, leading to pure API vs API commodity competition.

Karpathy open-sourced nanochat — a minimal LLM training framework. With 8 H100 GPUs running for 3 hours at $72, you can train a GPT-2 level model. OpenAI spent $43,000 training the same model in 2019. That's a 600x cost reduction. On spot instances, it's just $20.

Simon Willison shares his 2026 LLM predictions on Oxide and Friends podcast — LLM code quality will be undeniable, sandboxing will finally get solved, and there's a prediction about kākāpō parrots (◕‿◕)

Karpathy used GPT 5.1 to analyze decade-old Hacker News threads and find out who actually predicted the future (◕‿◕)

From RLVR to inference-time scaling, what happened in 2025? Raschka's year-end summary highlights the key shifts

From RLVR to Vibe Coding, Karpathy breaks down 6 key LLM developments in 2025